Aminet 6/Aminet 6 - June 1995.iso/Aminet/docs/misc/wfbook93_texi.lha/texi/262.data

Text File | 1995-03-27 | 12.4 KB | 420 lines

@node Geography (Yemen)
@section Geography (Yemen)

@display

Location:
  Middle East, along the Red Sea and the Arabian Sea, south of Saudi Arabia
Map references:
  Africa, Middle East, Standard Time Zones of the World
Area:
 total area:
  527,970 km2
 land area:
  527,970 km2
 comparative area:
  slightly larger than twice the size of Wyoming
 note:
  includes Perim, Socotra, the former Yemen Arab Republic (YAR or North
  Yemen), and the former People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (PDRY or South
  Yemen)
Land boundaries:
  total 1,746 km, Oman 288 km, Saudi Arabia 1,458 km
Coastline:
  1,906 km
Maritime claims:
 contiguous zone:
  18 nm in the North
  24 nm in the South
 continental shelf:
  200 m depth in the North
  200 nm in the South or to the edge of the continental margin
 exclusive economic zone:
  200 nm
 territorial sea:
  12 nm
International disputes:
  undefined section of boundary with Saudi Arabia; Administrative Line with
  Oman; a treaty with Oman to settle the Yemeni-Omani boundary was ratified in
  December 1992
Climate:
  mostly desert; hot and humid along west coast; temperate in western
  mountains affected by seasonal monsoon; extraordinarily hot, dry, harsh
  desert in east
Terrain:
  narrow coastal plain backed by flat-topped hills and rugged mountains;
  dissected upland desert plains in center slope into the desert interior of
  the Arabian Peninsula
Natural resources:
  petroleum, fish, rock salt, marble, small deposits of coal, gold, lead,
  nickel, and copper, fertile soil in west
Land use:
 arable land:
  6%
 permanent crops:
  0%
 meadows and pastures:
  30%
 forest and woodland:
  7%
 other:
  57%
Irrigated land:
  3,100 km2 (1989 est.)



@end display

@node Geography (Yemen 2. usage)
@section Geography (Yemen 2. usage)

@display

Environment:
  subject to sand and dust storms in summer; scarcity of natural freshwater
  resources; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification
Note:
  controls Bab el Mandeb, the strait linking the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden,
  one of world's most active shipping lanes



@end display

@node People (Yemen)
@section People (Yemen)

@display

Population:
  10,742,395 (July 1993 est.)
Population growth rate:
  3.31% (1993 est.)
Birth rate:
  51 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Death rate:
  15.37 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Net migration rate:
  -2.56 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
  115.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
 total population:
  50.94 years
 male:
  49.83 years
 female:
  52.11 years (1993 est.)
Total fertility rate:   7.27 children born/woman (1993 est.)
Nationality:
 noun:
  Yemeni(s)
 adjective:
  Yemeni
Ethnic divisions:
  predominantly Arab; Afro-Arab concentrations in coastal locations; South
  Asians in southern regions; small European communities in major metropolitan
  areas; 60,000 (est.) Somali refugees encamped near Aden
Religions:
  Muslim (including Sha'fi, Sunni, and Zaydi Shi'a), Jewish, Christian, Hindu
Languages:
  Arabic
Literacy:
  age 15 and over can read and write (1990)
 total population:
  38%
 male:
  53%
 female:
  26%
Labor force:
 North:
  NA
 by occupation:
  agriculture and herding 70%, expatriate laborers 30% (est.)
 South:
  477,000
 by occupation:
  agriculture 45.2%, services 21.2%, construction 13.4%, industry 10.6%,
  commerce and other 9.6% (1983)



@end display

@node Government (Yemen)
@section Government (Yemen)

@display

Names:
 conventional long form:
  Republic of Yemen
 conventional short form:
  Yemen
 local long form:
  Al Jumhuriyah al Yamaniyah
 local short form:
  Al Yaman
Digraph:
  YM
Type:
  republic
Capital:
  Sanaa
Administrative divisions:
  17 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah); Abyan, 'Adan, Al Bayda',
  Al Hudaydah, Al Jawf, Al Mahrah, Al Mahwit, Dhamar, Hadramawt, Hajjah, Ibb,
  Lahij, Ma'rib, Sa'dah, San'a', Shabwah, Ta'izz
 note:
  there may be a new capital district of San'a'
Independence:
  22 May 1990 Republic of Yemen was established on 22 May 1990 with the merger
  of the Yemen Arab Republic @{Yemen (Sanaa) or North Yemen@} and the
  Marxist-dominated People's Democratic Republic of Yemen @{Yemen (Aden) or
  South Yemen@}; previously North Yemen had become independent on NA November
  1918 (from the Ottoman Empire) and South Yemen had become independent on 30
  November 1967 (from the UK)
Constitution:
  16 April 1991
Legal system:
  based on Islamic law, Turkish law, English common law, and local customary
  law; does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
National holiday:
  Proclamation of the Republic, 22 May (1990)
Political parties and leaders:
  General People's Congress, 'Ali 'Abdallah SALIH; Yemeni Socialist Party
  (YSP; formerly South Yemen's ruling party - a coalition of National Front,
  Ba'th, and Communist Parties), Ali Salim al-BIDH; Yemen Grouping for Reform
  or Islaah, Abdallah Husayn AHMAR
Other political or pressure groups:
  conservative tribal groups; Muslim Brotherhood; Islamist parties; pro-Iraqi
  Ba'thists; Nasirists
Suffrage:
  18 years of age; universal
Elections:
 House of Representatives:
  last held NA (next to be held 27 April 1993); results - percent of vote NA;
  seats - (301); number of seats by party NA; note - the 301 members of the
  new House of Representatives come from North Yemen's Consultative Assembly
  (159 members), South Yemen's Supreme People's Council (111 members), and
  appointments by the New Presidential Council (31 members)
Executive branch:
  five-member Presidential Council (president, vice president, two members
  from northern Yemen and one member from southern Yemen), prime minister
Legislative branch:
  unicameral House of Representatives
Judicial branch:
  Supreme Court



@end display

@node Government (Yemen 2. usage)
@section Government (Yemen 2. usage)

@display

Leaders:
 Chief of State and Head of Government:
  President 'Ali 'Abdallah SALIH (since 22 May 1990, the former president of
  North Yemen); Vice President Ali Salim al-BIDH (since 22 May 1990);
  Presidential Council Member Salim Salih MUHAMMED; Presidential Council
  Member Kadi Abdul-Karim al-ARASHI; Presidential Council Member Abdul-Aziz
  ABDUL-GHANI; Prime Minister Haydar Abu Bakr al-'ATTAS (since 22 May 1990,
  the former president of South Yemen)
Member of:
  ACC, AFESD, AL, AMF, CAEU, ESCWA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFAD,
  IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, LORCS, NAM, OIC, UN,
  UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in US:
 chief of mission:
  Ambassador Muhsin Ahmad al-AYNI
 chancery:
  Suite 840, 600 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20037
 telephone:
  [phone] or 4761
 consulate general:
  Detroit
 consulate:
  San Francisco
US diplomatic representation:
 chief of mission:
  Ambassador Arthur H. HUGHES
 embassy:
  Dhahr Himyar Zone, Sheraton Hotel District, Sanaa
 mailing address:
  P. O. Box 22347 Sanaa or Sanaa, Department of State, Washington, DC
  20521-6330
 telephone:
  [967] (2) 238-842 through 238-852
 FAX:
  [967] (2) 251-563
Flag:
  three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black; similar to the
  flag of Syria which has two green stars and of Iraq which has three green
  stars (plus an Arabic inscription) in a horizontal line centered in the
  white band; also similar to the flag of Egypt which has a symbolic eagle
  centered in the white band



@end display

@node Economy (Yemen)
@section Economy (Yemen)

@display

Overview:
  Whereas the northern city Sanaa is the political capital of a united Yemen,
  the southern city Aden, with its refinery and port facilities, is the
  economic and commercial capital. Future economic development depends heavily
  on Western-assisted development of promising oil resources. Former South
  Yemen's willingness to merge stemmed partly from the steady decline in
  Soviet economic support. The low level of domestic industry and agriculture
  have made northern Yemen dependent on imports for virtually all of its
  essential needs. Large trade deficits have been compensated for by
  remittances from Yemenis working abroad and by foreign aid. Once
  self-sufficient in food production, northern Yemen has become a major
  importer. Land once used for export crops - cotton, fruit, and vegetables -
  has been turned over to growing qat, a mildly narcotic shrub chewed by
  Yemenis which has no significant export market. Oil export revenues started
  flowing in late 1987 and boosted 1988 earnings by about $800 million.
  Economic growth in former South Yemen has been constrained by a lack of
  incentives, partly stemming from centralized control over production
  decisions, investment allocation, and import choices.
National product:
  GDP - exchange rate conversion - $8 billion (1992 est.)
National product real growth rate:   NA%
National product per capita:
  $775 (1992 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
  100% (December 1992)
Unemployment rate:
  30% (December 1992)
Budget:
  revenues $NA, expenditures $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA
Exports:
  $908 million (f.o.b., 1990 est.)
 commodities:
  crude oil, cotton, coffee, hides, vegetables, dried and salted fish
 partners:
  US, EC countries, South Korea, Saudi Arabia
Imports:
  $2.1 billion (f.o.b., 1990 est.)
 commodities:
  textiles and other manufactured consumer goods, petroleum products, sugar,
  grain, flour, other foodstuffs, cement, machinery, chemicals
 partners:
  Japan, Saudi Arabia, Australia, EC countries, China, Russia, US
External debt:
  $5.75 billion (December 1989 est.)
Industrial production:
  growth rate NA%, accounts for 18% of GDP
Electricity:
  714,000 kW capacity; 1,224 million kWh produced, 120 kWh per capita (1992)
Industries:
  crude oil production and petroleum refining; small-scale production of
  cotton textiles and leather goods; food processing; handicrafts; small
  aluminum products factory; cement
Agriculture:
  accounted for 26% of GDP; products - grain, fruits, vegetables, qat (mildly
  narcotic shrub), coffee, cotton, dairy, poultry, meat, fish; not
  self-sufficient in grain



@end display

@node Economy (Yemen 2. usage)
@section Economy (Yemen 2. usage)

@display

Economic aid:
  US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $389 million; Western (non-US)
  countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $2.0 billion; OPEC
  bilateral aid (1979-89), $3.2 billion; Communist countries (1970-89), $2.4
  billion
Currency:
  Yemeni rial (new currency); 1 North Yemeni riyal (YR) = 100 fils; 1 South
  Yemeni dinar (YD) = 1,000 fils
 note:
  following the establishment of the Republic of Yemen on 22 May 1990, the
  North Yemeni riyal and the South Yemeni dinar are to be replaced with a new
  Yemeni rial
Exchange rates:
  Yemeni rials per US$1 - 12.0 (official); 30-40 (unofficial) (est.); North
  Yemeni riyals (YR) per US$1 - 12.1000 (June 1992), 12.0000 (1991), 9.7600
  (1990), 9.7600 (January 1989), 9.7717 (1988), 10.3417 (1987); South Yemeni
  dinars (YD) per US$1 - 0.3454 (fixed rate)
 note:
  following the establishment of the Republic of Yemen on 22 May 1990, the
  North Yemeni riyal and the South Yemeni dinar are to be replaced with a new
  Yemeni rial
Fiscal year:
  calendar year



@end display

@node Communications (Yemen)
@section Communications (Yemen)

@display

Highways:
  15,500 km total; 4,000 km paved, 11,500 km natural surface (est.)
Pipelines:
  crude oil 644 km, petroleum products 32 km
Ports:
  Aden, Al Hudaydah, Al Khalf, Al Mukalla, Mocha, Nishtun, Ra's Kathib, Salif
Merchant marine:
  3 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 4,309 GRT/6,568 DWT; includes 2 cargo,
  1 oil tanker
Airports:
 total:
  45
 usable:
  39
 with permanent-surface runways:
  10
 with runways over 3,659 m:
  0
 with runways 2,440-3,659 m:
  18
 with runways 1,220-2,439 m:
  11
Telecommunications:
  since unification in 1990, efforts are still being made to create a national
  domestic civil telecommunications network; the network consists of microwave
  radio relay, cable and troposcatter; 65,000 telephones (est.); broadcast
  stations - 4 AM, 1 FM, 10 TV; satellite earth stations - 2 Indian Ocean
  INTELSAT, 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT, 1 Intersputnik, 2 ARABSAT; microwave
  radio relay to Saudi Arabia, and Djibouti



@end display

@node Defense Forces (Yemen)
@section Defense Forces (Yemen)

@display

Branches:
  Army, Navy, Air Force, Police
Manpower availability:
  males age 15-49 2,060,124; fit for military service 1,172,633; reach
  military age (14) annually 133,727 (1993 est.)
Defense expenditures:
  exchange rate conversion - $762 million, 10% of GDP (1992)



@end display